Tele-rehabilitation-based exercise in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study of feasibility and preliminary outcomes


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Demircan E. N., Köse N., Zengin H. Y., Yalçın Çakmaklı G.

Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, cilt.12, sa.3, ss.300-312, 2026 (TRDizin)

Özet

This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary effects of two exercise programs

delivered via tele-rehabilitation in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Twelve individuals

with PD, previously allocated to two groups in a prior face-to-face study, re-engaged in the same

protocols remotely. Group 1 received a conventional exercise program (CEP) combined with

cervical stabilization exercise (CSE), and Group 2 received the CEP alone. Both programs were

delivered via synchronous video-based tele-rehabilitation (one 60-minute session per week for

eight weeks). The following outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention: Unified

Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), visual analog scale, Short Form 36 (SF-36), 30-second

chair stand test (30s-CST), static standing test, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory,

Beck Depression Inventory, and ACTIVLIM Scale. Both groups showed pre-to-post improvements

in total UPDRS scores, the mental health and vitality subdomains of the SF-36, 30s-CST

performance, single-limb stance and depressive symptoms (p<0.05). Group 2 also showed

improvement in UPDRS-II, bodily pain, social functioning, health transition, tandem stance, and

anxiety (p<0.05). Group 1 exhibited numerically greater pre-to-post changes in UPDRS-III, the SF-

36 mental health and role limitation subdomains, functional performance, balance, pandemic-

related fear and activity limitations, with large effect sizes observed for selected parameters

(Cohen's d>0.80). Tele-rehabilitation appears to be a feasible and well-tolerated mode of exercise

delivery for individuals with PD, and was associated with improvements across multiple outcomes.

Our preliminary findings suggest that integrating CSE into remote rehabilitation programs may

offer additional benefit, but they should be supported in adequately powered trials.